Public relations or marketing firm

A private company that engages in public relations, branding, advertising and sales, or any other type of activity related to marketing, typically in service to a client. Marketing firms and public relations companies have been used in media manipulation campaigns to game engagement metrics, create the false sense of grassroots support (i.e. astroturfing), and amplify specific narratives or pieces of content for their clients.1 Where possible, the Casebook identifies the clients who have contracted or hired the marketing company. Public relations or marketing firm is a Casebook value under the "Attribution" variable in the code book.

Most Recent Case Studies

  1. Dueling Information Campaigns: The War Over the Narrative in Tigray
  2. Astroturfing: How Hijacked Accounts and Dark Public Relations Faked Support for China's Response to COVID-19
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